Art,+Literature+and+Music



**Art** 
 * Before the 18th century, most of Britain's artists were "imported" from other places in Europe [2]
 * //**18th century**// [1][[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_007.jpg width="171" height="272" align="right" caption="George K. H. Coussmaker: A full-body portrait by Joshua Renolds (1782)" link="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_007.jpg"]]
 * paintings now concentrated on full-body portraits
 * paintings of landscapes flourished in English art
 * historical paintings began to emerge, especially anything related to hell
 * mainly focused on drama
 * William Hogarth began the movement of black humour (especially in English habits, disposition, temperament, and birth)
 * //**19th century**// [1]
 * Norwich School began (group of English painters) - focused on water-colours and marine life
 * landscaping still continued to hold the majority of English art
 * Pre-Raphaelite movement occurred
 * group of poets, critics, and painters who fought against "classical poses"
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">due to their influence, English art turned to literary, religious, and "everyday-life" works
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">A "photographic" style of painting was born
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">Dramatic arts became very popular, especially during the time of Shakespeare [2]

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);">**Music** [2] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">European classical music dominated England's ears
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">English-written broadside ballads were fairly popular
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">was a sheet of paper with a rhyme or ballad
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">included topics such as love, religion, drinking, legends
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">early journalism started with ballads: included disasters, political events and signs, wonders and prodigies
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">Christian hymns were sung everywhere due to the strong belief of religion (resulted in choral music being popular)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);">**Literature** [3]
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">After the invention of the printing press, vernacular literature (in England's case, something not written in Latin) spread throughout the nation
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">Many writers now focused on drama, apart from the old mysteries and "miracle plays"
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">After the //Italian Renaissance//, many Italian writers moved to London and spread their comical and tragedy playwrights
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">political assassinations in Italy impacted England - English writers moved to dramatic plots (learnt from their Italian settlers)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">School was not need for most writers (as Latin was prioritized in its curriculum), such as Shakespeare
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">Shakespeare wrote a lot of England's most successful plays: //Hamlet//, //Romeo and Juliet//, //Othello//, //King Lear//, //Macbeth//, //Antony and Cleopatra//
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">Christian religious writing grew popular (King James published his own translated version of the Bible)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">philosophic writing increased during the 17th century, such as with works by Thomas Hobbes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(28, 146, 28);">sonnets, and poems intended to be sung became popular - by the end of the rise, most of Britain was flourishing with sonnet writers (e.g. Thomas Wyatt and Thomas Campion)

1 -** "[|History of British Art [Pages 1 - 2)]<span class="wiki_link_ext"> " __History of British Art__. 2008. //Historyworld.net.// 10 May. 2009 <[|historyworld.net]>.
 * References
 * 2 -** "United Kingdom [Performing Arts: History of Performing Arts]" Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.
 * 3 -** "[|History of English Literature [Pages 2 - 5]]" __History of English Literature__. 2008. //Historyworld.net.// 10 May. 2009 <[|historyworld.net]>.

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