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** Scientific and Mathematical Contributions **


 * Weights**

-Weights used for measuring shipments of goods(McIntosh,266) -All towns had weights; larger towns had larger weights(151) -System of weights standardized throughout Indus Valley(151) -Weights made of stone(chert), jasper, or agate(McIntosh, 150) -Most common weight was 13.7 grams(McIntosh 2, 125) -Small cube weights ranged in size from one to sixty-four times the smallest unit of 0.871 grams(McIntosh, 151) 
 * Plumbing and Sewage**

 -  One in three houses had wells, shared by members of those three houses(235) -Bathroom floors shaped for drainage into terra-cotta pipes(236) -Upper story drains were built into walls to discharge waste onto street(236) -Private latrines in almost every house; some connected by a drain to city sewage(236) -Bi-annual rains in Dholavira required reservoirs throughout the city(235) -17+ reservoirs in Dholavira that were 14 feet. wide (Aronovsky, 15)


 * Numbers and Math**

-Maximum number of strokes on a seal was nine( Aronovsky, 19) -Semi-circles on seal would represent tens(19) -Standardized brick sizes in Indus Valley cities(McIntosh, 233) -Harappa’s ratio was 1:2:4, Kalibangan was 1:2:3 (McIntosh,70)

Bibliography

