Hellenistic+World+Rise+-+Science+and+Mathematical+Contributions

**Science and Mathematical contributions**


 * Biology:**

- introduction to practice of human dissection (Erskine, 451) - introduction (and conclusion) to human vivisection (cutting open live men and women)- early 3rd century Alexandria (Erksine, 451) - first time people found what was inside human body (Erskine, 451) - early Ptolemaic Alexandria- detailed descriptions of each human part (Erskine, 451) - important Alexandiran anatomists- Herophilios, Eristratos (Erksine, 451) - identified nerves as separate from veins and arteries (Erksine, 452) - distinguished between voluntary and involuntary motions involving nerves and muscles (Erksine, 452) - discovered that male and female bodies were made up of the same things, worked and failed in the same way, and caught the same diseases. (Erskine, 454)


 * Physics, Math, Astronomy:**

- Mathematician Euclid- developed principles of geometry (http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Euclid) - Mathematician and inventor Archimedes- discovered many basic laws of physics (Walbank, 193) - Mathematician Eratosthenes- calculated (approximately) Earth’s polar circumference (http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/the_universe/uts/eratosthenes_calc_earth_size.html&edu=high) - Aristarchus of Samos- proposed that all planets revolved around the sun (Walbank, 185) 

The Rise of the Hellenistic World