Tibet+-+Events+&+Leaders

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__ **Spu-gyal Btsan-po ** __
 * Reigned ??? to 581
 * Credited with Originally Assembling the Initial Sects of Central Asia
 * Essentially Created the Foundation of the Tibetan Plateau
 * Said Never to have Found Faith in Bon
 * Religious Confusion Later Linked to Tibetan Buddhist Practices

__ **Gnam-ri Sron-brtsan ** __
 * Reigned 581 to 618
 * Began Tibetan Conquests into South of Central Tibet
 * United Tribes Bordering Himalayas, Present Nepal
 * Began to Invoke Aggressive Military Expansion
 * Often Credited with Pioneering Military Philosophies
 * Allowed for Efficient Expansion of the Tibetan Empire
 * Denied the Concept of Religion in Rule
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Kingship Based Entirely of Military Progression, Cultural Advancement
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Poisoned in 618, Rebellion Sparked

<span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> __Sron-btsan Sgam-po__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> __<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> Gun-sron Gun-brtsan __
 * Reigned 618 to 646
 * Born 604
 * Son of Gnam-ri Sron-brtsan
 * Immediately Dismissed Rebellion Sparked from Death of Father
 * Despite Military Conquests of Gnam-ri, Focussed on Successful Deplomacy
 * Expanded Tibet Westerly Quietly
 * Minister Myang Mang-po-rje Accused of Treason in 632, Executed
 * Sgam-po Opposed Execution, Overwhelmed by Blatancy of Betrayal
 * Sgam-po’s Younger Brother, Brtsan-srong Sgam-po, Commited Suicide
 * Burned Himself to Death, 639
 * Chinese Princess Wencheng, Came to Tibet 640
 * Married Sgam-po 641, Became Queen Mun-Chang Kung-co
 * Brought Many Buddhist Books, Fascinated Sgam-po
 * Sgam-po Became Enthralled in Buddhist Teachings
 * Peace Between China and Tibet for Many Decades
 * Sgam-po’s Sister, Sad-mar-kar, sent to Marry King of Zhang Zhung
 * King Ligm-yi Rhy-ta Refused Marriage
 * Tibet Engulfed Zhang Zhung,
 * China Did Nothing to Defend Zhang Zhung, Despite Trade Partnership
 * Became Western Tibet, Sgam-po’s Westerly Expansion Ends
 * Sgam-po Began Constructing Buddhist Houses
 * So Began the Buddhist Invoking into Tibetan Culture
 * Credited with Uniting Sects of Northern Plains Through Buddhist Teachings
 * Infrastructure Accelerated Dismissal of Bon
 * Sgam-po Father of Tibetan Empire
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Reigned 646 to 649
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Worked to Maintain Peaceful Relations with China
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Attempted Further Expansion in West
 * Failed, Inter Military Feuds Dissected Fronts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Accepted Buddhism in 648

__**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> Man-sron Man-brtsan **__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> __Khri ‘Dus-sron__ <span style="color: rgb(170, 170, 170);">
 * Reigned 649 to 677
 * Obsessed with Military Expansion Into Northeast, China
 * Took Over then Az’aha (Modern Qinghai) in 663
 * China Reluctant to Forfeit Territory
 * Attempted Progression Further into China in 670 Sparked War
 * Battles over Northeastern Territories
 * Tibetans Allied with Turkish Forces
 * Eventually Became Focussed on Central Asian Trade Routes
 * Northeastern Territories Recaptured by China 692-698
 * Trade Route Disputes Lasted Until 9th Century
 * Man-sron Receded from Power 676, Died 677
 * Zhang Zhung Rebellion Sparked Immediately, Western Expansion Threatened
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Reigned 677 to 704
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Extremely Influential Family
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Once Most Powerful Noble Family in Tibet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Said to Have Been Manipulated Constantly by Minister
 * Mgar Khri-‘bring Btsan-brod
 * Brother of Mgar Bstan-snyas Ldom-bu
 * Members of the Gar Noble Family
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Btsan-brod Obsessed with Military Progression
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Lost Basin in the East to China, 692
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Btsan-brod Led Army Back East
 * Discreetly Murdered Failed Soldiers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Won Back Basin After 2 Years in Battle
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">‘Dus-sron Threatened by Take Over
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Invited Members of Gar Military Force to Hunting Festival
 * Southern Festival, Wooded Area
 * Soldiers Localized, Forest Burned Down
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Btsan-brod Commited Suicide
 * Burned Himself to Death
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Remaining Forces Joined Western Chinese Forces
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Gar Family Exciled for 3 Centuries
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">After Brsan-brod Suicide, Appointed Mother into Power in Lhasa
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Stationed Himself in Buddhist Palace in Northeast
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Fought Against Chinese for Bodies of Water
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">702, Negotiated Peace
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Enveloped Previously Captured Regions in the North into Imperial Administration
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Northern Plains Began to Grow
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Invaded ‘Nan-Chao & ‘My-iwa in 704, Failed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Died Shortly After

<span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">__Lha Bal-po__
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Reigned 704 to 705
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Brought to Power Submissively
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Minor, Hesitant to Continue Efforts in Northeast
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Ministers Conspired
 * Bal-po Murder Attempt, 705
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Minister Spu-tshoms Tsuk-brtsan Murdered Other Ministers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Commited Suicide Soon Thereafter
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Khri Ma-lod Dethroned Bal-po Peacefully
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Later Sent him into Excile

<span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> __Khri Ma-lod__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> __Khri Ide Gtsug-brtsan__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> __Khri-sron Ide-brtsan__
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Reigned 705 to 712
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Dethroned Lha Bal-po
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Known as the Mother of the Golden Age
 * Grandmother of Khri-Ide Gtsug-brtsan
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Aggressively Militarized
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Despised All Public Practices of Buddhism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Said to Have Beaten Several Monks in Lahsa During Reign
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Died 712, Winter, Requested her Body be Left in the Cold
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Chinese Rebells Stole Cadaver
 * Caught Before Hurling Body off of Cliff
 * Burned to Death
 * Body Lost
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Reigned 712 to 755
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Also Known as Mes Ag-tshoms
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Succeeded Grandmother
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Known for Fantastic Diplomacy with Turks
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Turgis & Arabs Became Great Allies of Tibet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">China Oblivious to Alliance
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Alliance Began to Progress in South
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Several Small Battles in Himalayas
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">717, Chinese Began to Become Inconsistent with Interest in Tibet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Battles Began Favoring China
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Turgis Alliance and Arab Involvement Deterred Chinese Success
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Tibet won Large Battle in 730, Arabs Deserted
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Gtsug-brtsan Married Princess ‘Dron Ma-lon to Turgis Qaghan
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Furious with Gtsug-brtsan, Arabs Allied with Chinese
 * Began Efforts Against Turgis
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Chinese Overcame Turgis Forces, Made Peace, Attacked Gtsug-brtsan’s Forces
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Trade Routes Overtaken
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Tibet Lost Majority of Asian Territory Assets to Chinese until 755
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Speculated that Gtsug Committed Suicide
 * Some Believe Murdered by Minister
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Died 755
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">One Year Interregnum (No King/Emperor)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Reigned 756 to 797
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Known as Most Successful King in Tibetan Military History
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Came into Power at Age 13
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Rebellion in China Weakened Eastern Takeover
 * Territories Lost During Gtsug-brtsan Reign to be Regained
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Began by Reasserting Authority in Western Tibet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Regions of the Norther Plains Retaken with Ease
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Led in Troops During Chinese Military Collapse
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Seized Capital for Several Days
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Began Reign Opposed to Any Influence of Bon or Buddhism in State
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">During Treaty of 787 with China, Received Buddhist Readings as Gift from Locals
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Thought to Have Shared Blood with Sron-btsan Sgam-po
 * Established Largest Buddhist Monasteries in Tibet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Known for Adoration of Woodblock Printing of Buddhist Texts
 * Loved to Translate
 * Befriended Scholars
 * Began Trends of the Great Scholars of the 9th to 13th Century
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Renowned for Cementing Buddhism in Tibetan Culture
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Military Successes Mountainous
 * Unsurpassed by Any Other Tibetan Ruler of Any Age

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">__Citations:__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Tibet (autonomous region, China) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 22 Apr. 2009 <[]>. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2005. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">__All Information Cross Referenced With:__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Beckwith, Christopher I. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">Tibetan Empire in central Asia a history of the struggle for great power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the early Middle Ages __<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">. Princeton, N.J: Princeton UP, 1987.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Ancient Tibet research materials from the Yeshe de Project. Berkeley, CA, USA: Dharma, 1986. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; text-align: center; display: block;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">