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__Major Events:__ All dates are BC
o Rome’s navy defeated Carthage (north coast of Africa) o Islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica acquired  || o Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed Italian Alps to defeat Romans at Battle of Cannae (216). o Scipio defeated Hannibal at Battle of Zama (202) in Africa; Forced surrender of Carthage || o Greece and Macedon annexed to Rome o City of Corinth razed || ** __Major Leaders__ :** All dates are BC
 * **509-275 ** || **Roman power expanded throughout Italy. Struggle of the Orders. ** ||
 * 509 || ­ Republic founded after Etruscan King Tarquinius expelled ||
 * 494 || ­ First tribune of plebes elected: Particians (aristocrats) gave plebeians (common people) right to elect own leaders (tribunes) ||
 * 492 || ­ Famine spread in Rome ||
 * 451-450 || ­ // Law of the Twelve Tables // codified Roman law ||
 * 396 || ­ Capture of Etruscan town of Veii increased Roman territory ||
 * 390-386 || ­ Gauls from Iberian Peninsula sacked Rome ||
 * 367 || ­ // Licinio-Sextian Laws // : Political power shared between patricians and plebians ||
 * 366 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ First plebian consul elected ||
 * 350 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Rome’s city walls completed ||
 * 343-290 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Three wars with Samnites in south central Italy ||
 * 312 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Building of Appian Way, first main highway ||
 * 282-275 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ War with Epirus’ King Pyrrhus defeated Greek colonies in southern Italy ||
 * 265 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Rome dominated Italian peninsula; Controlled everything south of Apennines ||
 * **<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">264-146 ** || **<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000080; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Roman power expanded throughout Mediterranean. The Punic Wars. ** ||
 * 264-241 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ First Punic War: First war with foreign powers outside Italy
 * 260 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Rome built first major fleet ||
 * 219-218 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ // Lex Claudia // limited commercial activities of Senators ||
 * 218-201 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Second Punic War – Rome crushed Carthage to dominate Mediterranean
 * 215-146 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Four Macedonian Wars with Northern Greece
 * 203 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Birth of Polybius, famous historian ||
 * 149 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ First jury court established ||
 * 149-146 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Third Punic War: Rome attacked and destroyed Carthage. Africa became Roman province ||
 * 147 || <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: navy; font-family: 'Wingdings 3'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msobidifontfamily: 'Wingdings 3'; msolist: Ignore;">­ Streets in Rome paved ||

<span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,128); font-family: Tahoma;">Publius Valerious Poplicola <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);">(560-503) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Tahoma;">– First consul of Republic <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,128); font-family: Tahoma;"> Appius Claudius the Decemvir <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);">(509-449) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Tahoma;">- C <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">odified Roman law with Twelve Tables. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Marcus Furius Camillus (447-365) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> - <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Conquered Etruscan city of Veii to save Rome from Gauls. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Valerius Maximus Corvus (386-285 <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">) - <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Oversaw codification of the Licinio-Sextian laws (367). <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Appius Claudius Caecus (350-271) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Tahoma;">– Initiated military highway, Via Appia, and built first aqueduct, Aqua Appia. Drove Greeks from Italy during Pyrrhic War to expand Roman power in Italy. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Lucius Cornelius Scipio Scaptula (337-270) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> – General who defeated Samnites. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Marcus Atilius Regulus (310-250) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> - <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Defeated Carthaginians in First Punic War. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Gaius Lutatius Catulus (291-220) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> - <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Ended First Punic War. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236-185) <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Tahoma;"> – Defeated Hannibal at Battle of Zama (202), seized Spain, and demilitarized Carthage. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Aemilius Paullus (229-160) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> – Defeated King Perseus and Macedonian forces <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,128);"> Titus Quinctius Flamminius (229-174)- Continued Second Macedonian War against Philip V. Proclaimed all Greeks in Europe and Asia free and autonomous (196)

Scipio Aemilianus (184-129) <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> – <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> Captured Carthage to end Third Punic War (146) and subjugated Spain.

<span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**Citations**

 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Matyszak, Philip. __<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Chronicle of the Roman Republic __<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 2003.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">"Study Materials." __<span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">MIT OpenCourseWare __<span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">. 2009. MIT. 6 May 2009 <http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Literature/21L-455Fall2004/StudyMaterials/ >.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Nardo, Don. __The Roman Republic__. San Diego: Lucent Books Inc., 1994.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Flower, Harriet. __The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic__. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., 2004.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Lintott, Andrew. __The Roman Republic__. Reading: Sutton Publishing, 2000.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">McGill, Sara Ann. "Ancient Roman Government." __Ancient Roman Government.__.2009: 1. __Middle Search Plus__. EBSCO. [Ursula Franklin Academy], [Toronto], [On]. 9 May 2009. < []>.